Significance Of Conflict Resolution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 794 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Conflict Resolution Essay Did you like this example? Conflict is inevitable. It happens between siblings at a young age and it happens between adults in their personal lives and throughout their careers.   What exactly is conflict?   According to Liddle (2017), there are two kinds of conflict:   The first kind of conflict is dysfunctional conflict. It goes by many names: grievance, bullying, harassment, feud, quarrel, complaint. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Significance Of Conflict Resolution" essay for you Create order This is the kind of conflict that costs money, wastes time and creates stress.   The second type of conflict is functional conflict. Functional conflict examples include healthy debate, dialogue, disagreement and problem-solving. Functional conflict is at the heart of most healthy, happy and harmonious relationships.   The purpose of this paper is to better understand why conflict resolution is important, the impact of conflict on organizational performance and strategies to resolve conflict.   Why is conflict resolution so important?   Everyone at some point or another will have to deal with conflict.   The ability to identify and resolve conflict is an extremely important competency.   When conflict is resolved successfully, there can be benefits, including accomplishing individual and team goals and strengthening personal and work relationships.   Within an organization, when people share their own unique opinions, they are able to achieve corporate and personal goals. Conflict, when not handled appropriately, causes personal problems, prevents advancement in career opportunities and healthy relationships (T. Schmitz, 2017). Conflict resolution allows for constructive change to occur. If problems and disagreements are ignored rather than being handled constructively, things can only go one of two ways; either things stay the same, or they get worse. But, when people discuss their differences and work through them together, the stage is set for positive change to occur. Although it might be easier in the short term to leave things as they are, this struggle helps everyone involved in the conflict to work through the problem while developing stronger relationships (Jacobson, 2017). According to the Society for Human Resource Management (2018), workplace conflict is inevitable when employees of various backgrounds and different work styles are brought together for a shared business purpose. Conflict should be managed and resolved. The first steps in handling workplace conflict belong, to the employees who are at odds with one another. The employers role is to develop a workplace culture designed to prevent conflict among employees to the extent possible. Depending on who you ask, there are many different strategies to resolving conflict.   Everyone, however, agrees that its an important and necessary part of life.   According to The American Management Association (2017), there are five primary ways to resolve conflict.   The first action is to identify the source of the conflict.   The more information you have about the cause of the conflict, the more easily you can help to resolve it.   The second action is to look beyond the incident. Often, it is not the situation but the perspective on the situation that causes anger to fester and leads to a shouting match or other visible, disruptive, evidence of a conflict. Requesting solutions is also an important step in resolving conflict.   After identifying all of the parties involved and gaining their viewpoint, the next step is to identify how the situation can be changed.   The mediator of conflict resolution should be cautious to listen and identify solutions that both parties can agree upon.   This fourth step is important as all parties need to feel their opinions are being valued.   The last step is agreement.   All parties should agree upon the resolution to ensure that the issue does not come back up in the future.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most people would be able to provide stories about conflicts they had at one time or another during their lives.   Depending on level of experience, the conflict may have been resolved to their satisfaction, or it may have left them with a negative experience to reflect back on.  Ã‚   Understanding conflict and why it happens is one of the first steps necessary to address a situation when it arises.   The understanding the importance of conflict resolution and how it impacts personal relationships is fundamental in deciding how to resolve it.   In doing research there are a lot of opinions on how to resolve conflict.   Ultimately, it is up to the individuals involved to be open to talking through situations and resolving conflict.   Resources American Management Association. (2013). The five steps in resolving conflict. Retrieved: https://www.amanet.org/training/articles/the-five-steps-to-conflict-resolution.aspx DiTullio, L. (2014). Lean in to team conflict. The Public Manager.   Retrieved from:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   https://www.td.org/magazines/the-public-manager/lean-in-to-team-conflict Jacobson, S. (2017).The benefits of conflict resolution. Retrieved from: https://www.conovercompany.com/the-benefits-of-conflict-resolution/ Liddle, D. (2017). Dont just quash conflict resolve it. Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM). Retrieved from: https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr magazine/1117/pages/dont-just-quash-conflict-resolve-it.aspx Schmitz, T. (2017). Conflict resolution: an important life skill: Retrieved from:https://www.conovercompany.com/conflict-resolution-an-important-life-skill/

Are Gender Roles Forced Upon Us - 1482 Words

Are Gender Roles Forced Upon Us? Remember the 50s in America, how men were the predominant head of the household and women were expected to cook, watch their kids, and clean? This is an excellent example of gender roles, and how they control some aspects of life. Gender roles according to multiple sources are, the way people behave, what they do and say, to express being a female or male. (â€Å"Gender Identity†, Blackstone, Gender Spectrum). They are forced upon an individual from the day that person is born even in the most trivial of terms of putting boys in blue clothes and girls in pink. Throughout that person’s life from then on, they will face everyday cultural expectations to act according to their sex. Gender roles can often be confusing and hurtful, many stores are moving away from assigning products to a specific gender, but not only can gender roles affect behavior, it plays a huge role in transgenderism. Many people confuse the definition of gender and sex. â€Å"Gender, on the other hand, refers to the meanings, values, and characteristics that people ascribe to different sexes. Sex is a biological concept, determined on the basis of individual s primary sex characteristics.† (Blackstone) Society gives social cues on the appropriate behavior for each sex. For example, women are to exert more feminine traits such as dependent, emotional, passive, innocent, nurturing, and/ or self-critical. On the other hand, men are to behave more masculine such asShow MoreRelatedAre Gender Roles Forced Upon Us?1435 Words   |  6 PagesAre Gender Roles Forced Upon Us? In American culture in the 1950s, men were the predominant head of the household and women were expected to cook, care for their kids, and clean. This is an excellent example of gender roles, and how they control certain aspects of life. 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Television shows such as Barney or Blues Clues encourage having such imagination, thus inspiring kids to want to becomeRead MoreFreedom, A Birth-Given Entitlement Or A Manmade Privilege?1717 Words   |  7 Pagesneither is the appropriate answer. Freedom is defined by the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint; everyday women are silenced for speaking out or are frowned upon for being independent by not submitting to the heavy-weight of the set standards placed upon their shoulders. Over the centuries, the proposal of women having any rights remained a constant battle that appeared to not have any pre-dest ined ending. In the intervening time that Charlotte PerkinsRead More The Impact of Social Idealogy on Virginia Woolfs To The Lighthouse1179 Words   |  5 Pages This can cause certain groups within a text to be empowered while the other groups are marginalised and constrained by the social restrictions placed upon them by the ideology. 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While many individualsRead MoreTaking a Look at Gender Bias703 Words   |  3 Pagesfashion upon something that is common as well as a true observation, but I do not believe each human being is but a collection of stereotypes. Such as African American and poor, Caucasian and privileged, or Gay and fabulous. I hate to see enforced stereotypes. Meaning those situations within everyday communication or interaction that forces an individual no matter their gender or gender identification to take part in, pressured into, or ridiculed for not participating in so called â€Å"gender norms†Read MoreSocial Construction Theory And Gender Roles1179 Words   |  5 Pagesargues that gender roles, behaviours, and differences are not the natural consequence of minor biological differences, but are instead the result of historical, economic, and cultural forces which have pushed women into social and economic roles and men into others. It sees biology as providing the raw materials, and sees social institutions, culture, history and individual agency as what shape those raw materials into human beings who also happen to be gendered as men, women, and other genders† ( KlementRead MorePersonal Narrative: My Experience with Gender Roles Essay642 Words   |  3 PagesPersonal Narrative: My E xperience with Gender Roles A secret agent. A professional football player. A fire fighter. These would have been my responses when asked that inevitable question, What do you want to be when you grow up? Family, Media and Peers are said to have influenced my views concerning the role I am to play society. All of these factors had one thing in common. They all were influencing me to behave according to my gender. Everything from the clothes I wore to the toys I

Statistical Analysis of Colored Stones by Using Random Sampling Free Essays

Statistical Analysis of Colored Stones by using Random Sampling Naomi Malary Lab Report 1 Ecology Lab 312 L-1 October 12, 2009 Introduction Random Sampling, a method often used by ecologist involves an unpredictable component. In this method, all members of the population have an equal chance of being selected as part of the sample. The results involving random sampling can be categorized as descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Montague 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Statistical Analysis of Colored Stones by Using Random Sampling or any similar topic only for you Order Now Descriptive statistics includes simplified calculations of a given sample and arrange this information into charts and graphs that are easy to contrast. Trying to reach conclusions that extend beyond the immediate data alone describes inferential statistics. To document the results of sampling, qualitative and quantitative data is used. Quantitative data lack is measured and identified on a numerical scale, whereas Qualitative data approximates data but does not measure characteristics, properties and etc. The purpose of this experiment was to use statistical analysis to evaluate random sampling of colored stones (Montague 2009). While conducting this experiment, we came up with a few null hypotheses. The first null hypothesis is that all the stones that have the same color weigh the same. The second null hypothesis is that there are more blue stones than red or yellow stones. Therefore the Blue stones will be picked the mosr. Our final null hypothesis is that the stones of the same color have the same length and that they will not vary in size. Method Our team was given a box of one hundred and two red, blue, and yellow stones. Team members A and B took turns choosing stones via random sampling, team member E recorded the color of the chosen stone. Team member C measured the weight of the stone with a scale, and team member D measured the length of the stone using a vernier capiler. Team members A and B placed the stones back into the box, mixed it, and we then repeated the procedure. Three sample sets were taken . The first set I were the first 5 samples taken (n=5), set II consist of n=10, and set III consist of n=30. Results There appeared to be a small difference between stone color and their average weight (Table1. and figures 1-3). Upon observation, you will see that the yellow stones were larger than the blue stones, and the blue stones were larger then the red stones (Table2. and figure 2-3). It can also be noted that the only sample set to have red stones selected was in set III (Figure 3). additionally, figure7 shows that blue stones were picked in greater proportion than the yellow and red stones. Discussion I hypothesized that all stones that share the same color weighs the same. According to table 2, all the stones of the same color do not share the same weight. Though the average seemed relatively the same, there still was a difference in the weight. Therefore, I must reject my null hypothesis on account of this information. The second null hypothesis stated that there are more blue stones than yellow or red stones, therefore more blue stones will be picked than any other stone. According to figure 7, the blue stones accounted for 44%, the yellow stones 38%, and the red stones 18%. Therefore I will not be rejecting my hypothesis on the basis that there were more blue stones present than any other color. The final null hypothesis stated that the stones of the same color have the same length. Table 2 and figures 5-7, accounted for the fact that the yellow stones were usually the longest and the red stones the shortest. Based on this information, I will not be rejecting this null hypothesis. Figure 1: Graph shows the average weight of each colored stone for set=5 Figure 2: Graph shows the average weight of each colored stone for set n=10 Figure3: Graph shows the average weight of each colored stone for set n=30 draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Figure 4: Graph shows the average weight of each colored stone for set=5 Figure 5: Graph shows the average weight of each colored stone for set n=10 Graph6: Graph shows the average weight of each colored stone for set n=30 {draw:frame} Figure 7: Pie chart shows the total proportion of the stones Reference Montegue, J. M. 2009. BIO 312L: Ecology Lab – Exercise 01 2009. Slides 10,11 Wikipedia, Random Sampling. www. wikipedia. com/random _sample How to cite Statistical Analysis of Colored Stones by Using Random Sampling, Papers

Human Endocrine Physiology Assignment

Questions: 1) Explain why the endocrine system is regarded as one of the integrative systems of the body? What other physiological system also has this function?2) What is the difference between an endocrine, exocrine gland and a mixed gland? Give an example of each type of gland.3) What pancreatic tissues are involved in exocrine and endocrine secretions, outline their respective secretions.4) What is the difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus? Outline the characteristic symptoms of diabetes insipidus?5) Outline the hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla? What are their respective functions?6) Why and what hormones produced by the adrenal gland are used in transplant patients? Answers: 1. The human endocrine system has integrative characteristics as the hormones generated by the endocrinal glands are the substances which act on a particular cell or tissue system at a distance and many others act in diverse body organs (Dubitzky, Southgate and Fuss, 2011). The human endocrinal system can obtain information from particular regions of the system ad can produce effects in the other areas. This system also provides functional assimilation for the body. The other physiological system which also has this function includes nervous system. The nervous system incorporates the system through a nervous network and connected to the peripheral and central neurons. The human endocrinal system integrates the system through hormones which travel through the blood circulation and are generated by the endocrinal glands. This designation is significant as both the nervous and endocrinal systems regulate and control biological functions and operate at distance obtaining information from different cells, tissues and organs and conveying efficient commands too tissues and organs, such as: hormones or nerve impulses and thus integrating the human system. 2. Endocrine gland Exocrine gland Mixed gland Secretions of the glands called hormones, collected by blood and contact the cells, tissues or organs through circulation Secretions of these glands are released through ducts externally into the intestinal lumen, mouth and skin. Have both endocrine and exocrine portions. Examples: pituitary gland, thyroid gland and adrenals Examples: salivary glands, sebaceous glands and gastric gland Example: seromucous gland, some sceretory cells are mucous and some secretory cells are serous. The cells of this gland secrete fluid intermediate varying between more thick mucoid substance and also watery substance (Goodenough, McGuire and Wallace, 2005). Pancreas is also an example of mixed gland. Ductless glands May or may not have ducts Pancreas secretes hormones within the blood circulation, for example: glucagon and insulin and also releases exocrine secretion, like: pancreatic juice. Discharge secretion directly to the blood Secrete enzymes Secrete hormones Secretion is directly poured at the action site or reaches the end Control long term function Control short term function 3. Pancreatic tissues are involved in endocrine and exocrine secretions. The exocrine secretion of pancreas is generated within the pancreatic acini. These are the aggregates of secretory cells, which surround tiny exocrine ducts. The exocrine cells of pancreas release digestive enzymes of pancreatic juice: trypsin, chymotripsin, amylase, carboxypeptidase, lipase, elastase, gelatinase, deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease. The endocrinal secretion of pancreas is generated and secreted by tiny cell groups dispersed throughout organ, known as islets of Langerhans. These cells make somatostatin, glucagon and insulin. Several hormones take part in the carbohydrate metabolism regulation. Four of these hormones are secreted by islets of Langerhans within the pancreas: 2glucagon and insulin with major functions on the metabolism of glucose and 2pancreatic polupeptide and somatostatin with adjusting actions on glucagon and insulin secretion (Freeman, 2007). Other hormones that affect the metab olism of carbohydrate include: growth hormone, glucocorticoids, epinephrine and thyroid hormones. All these hormones are polypeptides. Insulin is released by beta cells, whereas, other hormones are produced by gastrointestinal mucosa. Both glucagon and insulin are important in carbohydrate regulation, lipid and protein metabolism. 4. Diabetes mellitus is said to be the disease reasoned by poor secretion of insulin by the pancreas or by damaged capturing of insulin by the cells. Diabetes insipidus is said to be the disease brought about deficient secretion of anti-diuretic hormone by pituitary gland or by damaged kidney sensitivity to this anti-diuretic hormone (Scobie, Samaras and Campbell, 2009). Hence, in a nutshell, diabetes mellitus is said to be a condition where an individual is suffering from high level of blood sugar and diabetes insipidus is a rare condition, which causes excessive thirst and frequent urinatiom and that is because of inadequate anti-diuretic hormone production by hypothalamus. Urination is less common in diabetes mellitus. In diabetes insipidus blood lacks anti-diuretic hormone and therefore, tubular water resorption is diminished within the kidneys and huge amount of urine is generated. Diabetes insipidus affected patients urinate extensively and frequently in a day (Parker and Parker, 2004). This indication can also present by polydipsia and by dehydration. Polydipsia is the condition while patient feels very thirsty and rise water ingestion (Shapiro, 2013). Other signs include wanting to get up to urinate during the night time, which is also termed as nocturia and bed-wetting. 5. The medullary region of adrenals exudes catecholamine group hormones, these are: adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) (Fox, 2013). Apart from their hormonal functions noradrenaline and adrenaline work as neurotransmitters. The neurons which utilize them as neurotransmitters are termed as adrenergic neurons. Adrenaline augments the process called glycogenolysis that means transformation of glycogen into glucose and thus raising basal metabolic rate and glycemia of the system. Nor adrenaline and adrenaline are secreted during risk situations, for example: flight response and these hormones strengthen the heartbeat rate and selectively adjust blood irrigation within some tissues by selective vasoconstriction and selective vasodilation. By the process of vasodilation these hormones increase blood supply towards the brain, heart and muscles and by vasoconstriction these hormones reduce the supply of blood to the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract and skin. Noradrenaline and adrenaline which promote vasoconstriction and vasodilation are known as vasoactive substances. 6. Glucocorticoids are used in transplant patients. These patients have a tendency to host versus graft rejection as their immune system has a propensity for attack the grafted organs. This is because of grafted tissue recognition as foreign substance. To treat and prevent this complication patients are administered with immunosuppressant or glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids have immunosuppressant activity and therefore they diminish the antagonism of immune system against graft. Nevertheless, immune action is very important for individual. The immune system protects the human system against infection and invasion by pathogens, such as: bacteria, virus, and toxins. Individuals administered with immunosuppressant like glucocorticoids are under the risk of neoplastic and infectious diseases. References Dubitzky, W., Southgate, J. and Fuss, H. (2011).Understanding the dynamics of biological systems. New York: Springer. Fox, S. (2013).Human physiology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Freeman, H. (2007). Pancreatic endocrine and exocrine changes in celiac disease.WJG, 13(47), p.6344. Goodenough, J., McGuire, B. and Wallace, R. (2005).Biology of humans. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Parker, J. and Parker, P. (2004).The official patient's sourcebook on diabetes insipidus. San Diego, CA: ICON Health Publications. Scobie, I., Samaras, K. and Campbell, I. (2009).Diabetes mellitus. Abingdon, Oxford, UK: Health Press. Shapiro, M. (2013). Diabetes Insipidus: A Review.Journal of Diabetes Metabolism, s6(01).

The Intended Outcomes of 2012 Summer Olympics

QUIZ Use This Chart to Determine Your Stress Level

QUIZ Use This Chart to Determine Your Stress Level Stress is unavoidable. We all have forces pulling at us from all directions: family, friends, work, pets, health, hobbies, you name it. But if your stress levels bubble up so high that they’re taking over your life, all day every day, you have a problem. When your health and general demeanor start taking a beating and can’t get back up again because of the pressures you feel, it’s time to make a change. Take the quiz below, found via Lifehacker, to determine just how big a part stress plays in your life, and what you should do about it.

Response Strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response Strategies - Assignment Example Whichever the case, a good response strategy must be in perfect alignment with the set objectives of the PPS. Response strategies can range from deterrence, to containment, to recovery, delayed response, denial, immediate response, or it could well be a combination of all depending on the set goals of the PPS. What is however, worth noting is the fact that the overall success or effectiveness of a PPS depends on the effectiveness of the response strategies. Deterrence Deterrence as a response strategy is largely based upon creating a perception of tight security as a way of forestalling aggression or attack from a potential low level adversary. For deterrence to be effective security personnel would need to be visible and they must communicate a sense of capableness, timely and effective response to incidence, diligence and randomness in patrol schedule. It is in many ways the first line of response strategy built in anticipation of attacks from adversaries who are not very motivated . For example, armed security personnel at a Wall Street bank generally would discourage low level attacks of vandalism from adversaries who are not very motivated.

HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

HRM - Essay Example The main aspect of SHRM is the people and the people’s needs. Thus strategic human resource management involves aligning the goals of an organization with those of the people. This is a challenging task since in most cases the goals or the objectives of an organization and those of the people are unrelated (Samuelson and Marks, 2012). For instance, many employees are only concerned with their income and the need to propel their careers. On the other hand, an organization is concerned with productivity efficiency and cutting of production costs. These two objectives are dissimilar and have opposing orientation. However, the success of an organization is dependent on the level at which it HRM unites the goals of the organization with those of the employees. For instance, a HRM should device policies that maintains productivity or cuts down on cost while maintaining the productivity and satisfaction of individual employee. Thus for an organization to attain its strategic objectiv e, the staff must share into the objectives and vision of the company. This aspect creates the first challenge of strategic management as described by (Henderson, 2006, p. 123). Henderson (2006) claims that integrating the people with organizational goals are the most challenging undertaking in HRM. Moreover, the integration process creates management problems. For example, it is difficult or impossible to compel employees to accept a pay cut in order to save a company from collapsing. Conflicts between organization and employees objectives are classical scenarios in most companies. For example, employees object paid leave despite knowing that their companies are not making sufficient profit. To implement strategic HRM, the HRM should understand the meaning of Strategic HRM, aims of Strategic HRM and approaches to Strategic HRM Meaning of SHRM Before embanking into any Strategic HRM practices, a HRM must understand its meaning and significance within an organization. Firstly, the ma nagers should understand SHRM as an action of competitive advantage. With such basic definition, the HRM will be able to define other aspects of HRM and apply them effectively. Many HRM studies have the following general approaches to the meaning of HRM. Use of planning A systematic approach towards personnel management and design Strategic use of human capital Attainment of competitive advantage The points stated above can be combined to develop a practical meaning of SHRM. Ideally, strategic HRM deal with organizational issues that are concerned with changes in structure, organizational performance, culture, and aligning resources with future needs of the organization. Thus, strategic HRM is concerned with human capital development as well as building production capacity of an organization. Alternatively, SHRM deals with human capital issues that are affected by strategic plans of a company. Aims of SHRM The main aim of strategic HRM is continued relationship between the people an d the organization management into the long term. Behind this rationale is the concept of defining and achieving competitive

Stored Procedures and Triggers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stored Procedures and Triggers - Research Paper Example Considering that the operating system running on any computer determines the type of programming language most appropriate for use, then, this can limit database programming on such systems. However, since SQL 2008 can be written in a variety of programming languages, then it is not limited to only one or a few operating systems (Norman, 2007). This is so because, if one programming language is incompatible with the operating system running in a given computer, then a different programming language can be opted for, which is more compatible with the operating system, serving to preserve the data being utilized, and making it possible to utilize similar data in different computer systems. The other determinant of programming language compatibility is the server software under use in the system where such programming is to be undertaken (Robert, 1996). Therefore, the programming language to be used is determined by the server software that is under use in the system. However, with the ability if stored procedure SQL 2008 to be written in various languages, then, it enhances its compatibility with any sever software, as a different programming language, which is compatible with the software, can be selected and used. ... This is a very vital aspect, in that, it allows for the individuals undertaking the programming to incorporate business logic in the database program. Through the application of various languages, this business logic serves to ensure that the necessity of encoding such logic in the client specific programs is eliminated. Additionally, the possibility of applying multiple programming languages for stored procedure SQL 2008 provides for the consistency of data used, in that it involves the use of similar data that is encoded in different languages, making it possible to preserve the integrity of the data, even though applied under different coding languages (Pratt, 1996). Any chance of corrupting such data is thus eliminated and the client programs can easily be maintained universal, only that they involve different programming languages, as per the client specification and preferences. The application of various languages under SQL 2008 stored procedure allows for a range of programmi ng and coding that can enhance the protection of the data from SQL injection attacks (Michael, 2011). This makes such databases more stable and thus protected against various vulnerabilities. The ability of the stored procedure SQL 2008 to be written in various languages is important in database development, in that it enhances the reduction of costs involved in database development (Michael, 2011). Some programming languages are offered as free software, while others are licensed for commercialization. This means that some of the programming language can be obtained and used free, while others must be bought. Due to its ability of being written in different languages, then, it allows for the use of some programming languages that are offered freely, thus

PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN SRI LANKA

PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN SRI LANKA 1. Opening of private university has become common phenomenon in educational arena of Sri Lanka. In present context private sector is considered the key factor in the economic development. Private sector involvement is needy executed move to gain sustainable development. Human recourse is the capital for any country to gain development in social, economic and political sectors. There is less possibility to reach the development targets without promoting human resource. Therefore government universities could not pursue this endeavor themselves. Therefore there is no any harm for private sectors to involve in higher education. 2. Why Private Universities needed. Every year more than 300,000 students sat for the Advance level examination expecting university entrance. But unfortunately only limited number of student get through to the state university. This number may vary between 200,000 and 25,000depending on the situation. Advance level examination in variably become highly competitive because of the rat race. Since the government could not afford the all university qualified students, non qualified students get total frustrated after long time of study and practice in their education process. 3. With the increase of student population the government fond it even difficult to provide equal opportunity to every student in the university system. Because the government is constantly funding the school children from grade one to advance level. This is indeed big money for the government. Not only providing free educational opportunities for every school going children but also providing free school text and book uniforms materials for every child, the government is persuading a great service to promote the standard of school education. Sri Lanka has state run education system which is funded out of taxes from the people. In 2009 government has spent Rs 100.5 billions of people money on the education system according to the Ministry of education. 4. Due to the limited number of state university and non availability of private university most of the talented and intelligent students from both urban and rural area are deprived of their tertiary education. Majority of capable students are forced to terminate education at secondary level not going to the university because of this situation. 5. Those who can afford tertiary education in foreign university could flourish. The student who are unable pursue tertiary education in foreign countries become underutilize resource. However these potential sectors could have been utilize if they had been a system of private university system in Sri Lanka. They have talents and willingness, but unfortunately they dont have opportunities to promote themselves in social mobility. This is the point where private universities can play big role for betterment of the country. 6. Quality of tertiary education in private university. Private university should be allowed to function under the supervision of university grant commissioned making sure that there is quality control mechanism. These universities should not be mere institute which sells degree simply. Here there is a question whether the government should allow the private university to be affiliated to the local existing universities or to well recognize international university. But what really matter is the recognition of the degree offered by these university. Today university education is profit making area. The private sector is interested in investing funds in this sector. 7. Most of the private investors are equipped with latest technology, method of education and information technology. Therefore we can assume that the quality of education in private university would be accepted as to meet the national goal. 8. All the curriculums, examinations should be supervised by government monitoring system in order to maintain constant standard of the degree program. There should be certain guide line on which university can function. The degrees and diploma offered by these universities should be recognized locally and internationally. 9. In order to accomplish above mentioned standard the need of the professional academic staff is compulsory to improve the quality and standard of the education in private university. The service of highly professional and qualified lectures could be utilized by paying competitive wages for them. This situation avoid the Brain Drain that is highly qualified educators going overseas countries for higher income. Their services could be diverted to promote tertiary education is concern. 10. Save foreign exchange within the country. There is a real example of how foreign exchange could be saved within our country. There are number of students spent their money for higher studies in foreign country. Throughout their higher education they have to be away from their home country as well as their loved one. And also they have to spent lot of money for their day to day requirement and it is quiet expensive than they spent their home land. Most of students once after the advance level exam they will not eligible to attend state university. Therefore their parents could afford their children education in foreign university. And also these highly affected to the female gender. Most of them opinion for the state university system concern, if there is a system of private university offering recognized degrees most of Sri Lanka students could able to saved more than half of what they had spent. 11. Due to limited number of state university system in Sri Lanka most student are deprived with their basic degree or diploma. This situation would retard them in social mobility. As a result they find it difficult to get opportunities to get highly paid foreign jobs. This in turn affects flow of foreign exchange to our country. 12. Once private university system established with proper infrastructure facilities as well as offering recognized degree programs the prospective students from foreign country can be attracted to our country for their higher educational requirement. This will bring definitely lot of foreign exchange to our country. 13. The service of local highly qualified professionals can be utilized in private university system instead of foreign professionals, in order to save foreign exchange within our system. It will no doubt enhance the morale conduct of our local professionals. Thereby also their valuable knowledge could be exploited for the betterment of our younger generation. 14. Government involvement in Higher Education. In present scenario university Grant Commission has been empowered to control and administered the educational system in Sri Lanka. In the past university system introduce in Sri Lanka in a very Ad Hoc manner. The university Grant Commission is the competent authority of the university system. 15. The university Grant Commission is a body that has been setup to allocate state resources among the universities. State university system in Sri Lanka has come of age with more than 30 years of existence. However it has been unable to assure the quality of the state university system over which it has direct controlling power. 16. The sad story is that there is no system of rating universities in place and student. The infrastructure facility available in state universities not enough for the students those who are under going for their university education. Due to insufficient of infrastructure facilities learning and teaching process of the university would be retarded. As a result student might get less interest regarding subject matter. In meantime it will lead student struggle against the prevailing system. It is true that the government and University Grant Commission along would not accomplish all these issues arising in the university system. Therefore in this context the involvement of private sector in this regard highly accepted. 17. Competitiveness in university education. Sri Lanka imagine as middle income country needs more and more educated younger generations to achieve goals. A number of universities available at present not enough to meet this challenge. Therefore university and tertiary education has become very competitive. Not only within Sri Lanka itself but also in global condition we experience in the same situation. Access to higher education has been increasing rapidly all over the world. Today due to this situation the model of higher education has change from elite to mass. 18. In state university the student behave sort of arbitrary manner, enjoying free education not concerning about the education they are receiving. But in a situation where they are changed for education will they believe like that when the students have to pay considerably higher amount of money for education they have to struggle to get the maximum use of it. That is the main struggle for them. And their parents also highly concern about the quality of the education they are receiving. The university bodies are continuously conscious to maintain to standard of their degree programmers. In this situation student naturally compel to face this competitiveness in healthy manner. Generally university education system must be competitive, when there is a competition in education more and more private university would immerge in the competition. 19. In comparing to the other countries in the world they have introduced variety of university degree program. It will helpful for students those who are interest with particular subject matter. And also it will create condition for students to study their favorable condition. Most of the students reluctant to study compulsory subject like mathematics which are highly required for get through from ordinary level exam and it will problem for them to do their further study. 20. Present Sri Lankan University system. There are 15 number of recognized university in the country. It will facilitate nearly 22,500 students for the year 2011as per the University Grant Commission announcement. The students eligible for the university education have to undergo four year educational package at the universities. Due to the universities violence this time period will vary. It will highly affect to the students those who are waiting for enlisted to the university education. This time period will waste other resources which are useful for function the university system. Not only that, it indirectly affected to the student who following their degree program. The students who are studying more than four year they will burden for the university. And also university have to allocate additional money for maintain them. 21. Most of the universities in Sri Lanka at present spread out covering every parts of the country. But when it concern about the standard of the degree as well as the recognition of the university, it is differ from university to university. Therefore most of the students competition is to join and follow their degree program in well recognized university. Though there is universities spread in every part of the country there is requirement of enlisting the student particular university in same area. Therefore there should be an equal educational standard need for each university. Most of the private sector interest for specific universities only. With that intention university students behavioral pattern vary university to university. 22. The universities which are closer to city of Colombo And Kandy area students getting more beneficiaries rather than other universities, such as professional lecturers, library facilities, hostel facilities and other facilities. With the availability of all the facilities they are studying for their specific degree program. 23. Those kinds of lapses can be solved by introducing private university system to the country. With the private sector involvement, government can fulfill students requirement in certain aspects. Once the students trying to follow degree program they will not involve for any kind of illegal activities and violence. This will create condition for them to get their graduation in particular time period which they have to undergo. By introducing private university system there may be a competition with state universities. It will make student to have a better educational background. Once the private sector involved to this competition they will put maximum effort to satisfaction of students in private university. They will think about the students requirement rather than staying long time study in university. It will benefit for the students who are graduation earlier than the state university graduates. 24. Suitability of these to the student in present job market. As per the modern era private sector as well as the government sector will seeks to have powerful establishment in their specific fields. In order to face today competitiveness should have to identified and employed capable as well as knowledgeable key employer in the respective fields. With the graduation, students will find a suitable job for their qualification. It is totally depend on the students forecast of future job market. Once the student graduation from the university they have to prove their knowledge in respective private or government system. As per the present context of job market is mainly requirement of employer how to use their theoretical knowledge in practical situation. If student capable enough to overcome such situation they will get the opportunity to find a job. 25. This university system will create a professional employer for various fields. The graduates ability and interest will decide their requirement. Due to the competitiveness of job market most of the people trying to qualified many fields. It will consider the people selection to private and government fields. 26. If there is a private university system in Sri Lanka, students who are graduation from the private universities will get the opportunity to find the jobs from the private sectors. Due to the competition with the government sector they will try to keep students attraction towards their university system. And it will create condition for the nation to overcome unemployment rate of the country. And also with the identification of respective fields they can be able to touch with their preferable degree program. According to today developing requirement private sector will forecast the required degree scheme for relevant fields. The number of universities in private sector will influence the country tertiary educational standards. The more number of universities availability will support to the students competitions among each other, in order to face future job market. 27. Educational standard of the students. After completion of advance level exam, student will eligible to follow degree program in various scheme. The students who are attending for their university education in various areas of the country. And it will be sitting after the competitive examination. Though they selected for university education, educational level of the country not equal in all the country. It will affect to the students education during the university. More number of students who are select to the university education they feel uncomfortable in beginning of the university life. It will affect to their studies during first term of university study. 28. In Sri Lanka all the university educational standard of students are not equal. The main reason behind that is most of the highly capable professors and lecturers are like to be in the capital of the country. A few numbers of professors and lecturers are serving in other universities in Sri Lanka. It will directly affect to the students who are undergoing graduation in other universities. This particular situation can be minimized by introducing a private university system to the nation. When the private sector involve to this field they will create favorable condition to the students as well as the lecturers in order to face competition with other universities. 29. The students education standard cant be uplift only by providing educational aspect. Have to fulfill their basic needs in order to uplift their educational standards. Once they comfortable with the environment for their education and their needs which are supporting for their studies will affect for standard of students education. 30. Government involvement in private Universities. In order to face the development competition of the other country has to think about every aspect. Basically literacy of the country will play pivotal role in the country. In this context government cant handle this problem individually. With the support of the private sector government can increase the number of universities as per the country requirement. The students of the state university will find many difficulties when they studying. But the students who will get the opportunities to enter the private universities they are strong enough to face the situation. At present government not in a position to face this situation by handling along. Every year there are nearly 150,000 students get the opportunity sit for advance level exam. But out of 150,000 there are 22,500 students getting chance to attend to university education. Other amount of students will deprive in the education. 31. With the government involvement to establish private university in the country will benefitted to the students who are deprive from advance level exam. For the requirement of private university in Sri Lanka government has to make some rules and regulation for maintain the standard of the degree. By involving university Grant Commission it can direct as per the required standard. And also government has to implement criteria for recognition of private university degree. With that recognition graduates can be able to find jobs in government sector. Government has to create favorable condition for private sectors invest in this field. If there is a possibility for private sector to invest they will create condition for international students to follow the degree program. 32. Better prospect for younger generation. If people educated in the country will make country prospect. Therefore has to uplift the educational standard of the country. Every people have to think about their children education in every time. With the identification of their talents and capability can guide them for their wishes. The students who are interest with their specific field, they will study it in favorable condition. Today most of the students automatically become as machine. That has happened due to the modern world arena. The students who are qualified with more aspects they are in position to face the any situation. With the graduation many number of students unable to find out jobs as per their qualification. That has happened due to their misidentification of fields as well as lack of interest for further studies. 33. The better environment will create condition for better study for any one. If there is possibility to make arrangement to fulfill students needs and wants can be enlightened their future. RECCOMMENDATIONS 34. Following are the recommendation which will help for the opening of private universities in Sri Lanka. a. Private universities should affiliate with recognized universities system. b. Private university has to maintain quality assurance in the degree which is introduced by them. c. Government has to make arrangement in security of the students who are graduation from private universities. d.

Invisibility Over Negation in Invisible Man Essay -- Invisible Man Ess

Invisibility Over Negation in Invisible Man      Ã‚  Ã‚   Early on in Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison's nameless narrator recalls a Sunday afternoon in his campus chapel.   With aspirations not unlike those of Silas Snobden's office boy, he gazes up from his pew to further extol a platform lined with Horatio Alger proof-positives, millionaires who have realized the American Dream.   For the narrator, it is a reality closer and kinder than prayer can provide: all he need do to achieve what they have is work hard enough.   At this point, the narrator cannot be faulted for such delusions, he is not yet alive, he has not yet recognized his invisibility.   This discovery takes twenty years to unfold.   When it does, he is underground, immersed in a blackness that would seem to underscore the words he has heard on that very campus:   he is nobody; he doesn't exist (143).   Hence, Invisible Man is foremost a struggle for identity.   Ellison believes this is not only an American theme but the American theme; "the nature of our society," he says, "is such that we are prevented from knowing who we are" (Graham 15).   Invisible Man, he claims, is not an attack on white America or communism but rather the story of innocence and human error (14).   Yet there are strong racial and political undercurrents that course the nameless narrator towards an understanding of himself and humanity.   And along the way, a certain version of communism is challenged.   The "Brotherhood," a nascent ultra-left party that offers invisibles a sense of purpose and identity, is dismantled from beneath as Ellison indirectly dissolves its underlying ideology:   dialectical materialism.   Black and white become positives in dialectical flux; riots and racism ... ... with Ralph Ellison.   Jackson:   U of Mississippi P, 1995. Hersey, John, ed.   Ralph Ellison:   A Collection of Critical Essays.   Englewood Cliffs:   Prentice-Hall, 1974. Jacoby, Russel.   Dialectic of Defeat:   Contours of Western Marxism.   Cambridge:   Cambridge UP, 1981. Jain, Ajit, and Alexander Matejko, eds.   A Critique of Marxist and Non-Marxist Thought.   New York:   Praeger, 1986. Marx, Karl.   The Communist Manifesto.   Ed.   Frederic L. Bender.   New York:   Norton, 1988. Osborn, Reuben.   Marxism and Psychoanalysis.   New York:   Dell Publishing, 1965. Schafer, William J.   "Ralph Ellison and the Birth of the Anti-Hero."   Hersey   115-126. Schor, Edith.   Visible Ellison:   A Study of Ralph Ellison's Fiction.   Westport:   Greenwood, 1993. Vogler, Thomas A.   "Invisible Man:   Somebody's Protest Novel."   Hersey   127-150.       Invisibility Over Negation in Invisible Man Essay -- Invisible Man Ess Invisibility Over Negation in Invisible Man      Ã‚  Ã‚   Early on in Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison's nameless narrator recalls a Sunday afternoon in his campus chapel.   With aspirations not unlike those of Silas Snobden's office boy, he gazes up from his pew to further extol a platform lined with Horatio Alger proof-positives, millionaires who have realized the American Dream.   For the narrator, it is a reality closer and kinder than prayer can provide: all he need do to achieve what they have is work hard enough.   At this point, the narrator cannot be faulted for such delusions, he is not yet alive, he has not yet recognized his invisibility.   This discovery takes twenty years to unfold.   When it does, he is underground, immersed in a blackness that would seem to underscore the words he has heard on that very campus:   he is nobody; he doesn't exist (143).   Hence, Invisible Man is foremost a struggle for identity.   Ellison believes this is not only an American theme but the American theme; "the nature of our society," he says, "is such that we are prevented from knowing who we are" (Graham 15).   Invisible Man, he claims, is not an attack on white America or communism but rather the story of innocence and human error (14).   Yet there are strong racial and political undercurrents that course the nameless narrator towards an understanding of himself and humanity.   And along the way, a certain version of communism is challenged.   The "Brotherhood," a nascent ultra-left party that offers invisibles a sense of purpose and identity, is dismantled from beneath as Ellison indirectly dissolves its underlying ideology:   dialectical materialism.   Black and white become positives in dialectical flux; riots and racism ... ... with Ralph Ellison.   Jackson:   U of Mississippi P, 1995. Hersey, John, ed.   Ralph Ellison:   A Collection of Critical Essays.   Englewood Cliffs:   Prentice-Hall, 1974. Jacoby, Russel.   Dialectic of Defeat:   Contours of Western Marxism.   Cambridge:   Cambridge UP, 1981. Jain, Ajit, and Alexander Matejko, eds.   A Critique of Marxist and Non-Marxist Thought.   New York:   Praeger, 1986. Marx, Karl.   The Communist Manifesto.   Ed.   Frederic L. Bender.   New York:   Norton, 1988. Osborn, Reuben.   Marxism and Psychoanalysis.   New York:   Dell Publishing, 1965. Schafer, William J.   "Ralph Ellison and the Birth of the Anti-Hero."   Hersey   115-126. Schor, Edith.   Visible Ellison:   A Study of Ralph Ellison's Fiction.   Westport:   Greenwood, 1993. Vogler, Thomas A.   "Invisible Man:   Somebody's Protest Novel."   Hersey   127-150.